How to learn software engineering: A beginner's guide

How to learn software engineering

1. Create a learning plan

Start by looking into software engineering specializations like:

• Web development (front-end, back-end, or full-stack development)
• Development operations
• Information security
• Machine learning.

Figuring out what interests you most will help you decide which programming languages and specialized skills to focus on early in your learning process.

Next, assess your current skill level. How much time you can commit to studying software engineering (full-time or part-time), and what type of learning format works best for you? Options range from self-paced online courses to more structured pathways, like bachelor's degrees, microcredentials, or certificate programs.

Once you've outlined your direction, consider setting SMART goals and build a timeline. This may help you remain focused, track your progress, and hold yourself accountable as you move forward.

2. Master the prerequisite skills

Build a strong foundation with core computer science concepts like:

• Algorithms
• Data structures
• Computing systems
• Infrastructure

Learning the basics of programming languages such as Python and JavaScript may also help you gain fluency in essential coding languages. Courses like Harvard University's CS50x: Introduction to Computer Science and Massachusetts Institute of Technology''s Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python provide the fundamentals that may be prerequisites for advanced software engineering courses.

3. Start learning software engineering skills

Enroll in specialized courses or programs that build on the foundational computer science knowledge. With programs like IBM's MicroBachelors® in Full-Stack Application Development or the Full-Stack Developer Professional Certificate, you can learn about:

• Software design and development
• Cloud computing
• Database management

Once you've built this technical foundation, apply your skills through personal or open-source projects to gain experience and build your portfolio.

What can you expect from a software engineering program?

Software engineering programs cover a variety of topics related to software design, development, and maintenance. Courses often emphasize programming and coding languages such as Java, Python, C/C++, and JavaScript, though the curriculum may vary depending on program type or provider.

Typical coursework may include:

• The software development life cycle
• Best practices in software design and web development
• Software testing, verification, and validation
• Software project management
• Algorithms
• Computer architecture
• Data structures
• Computer networks
• Operating systems
• Database design
• Artificial intelligence

How to choose the best software engineering program for you

When choosing a software engineering program, consider factors such as time commitment, desired skills, career advancement prerequisites, and evolving industry demands. Explore edX's online software engineering programs to find the best fit for you:

• Courses: Software engineering courses are usually quicker than options like degrees — around 4-6 weeks is common. They're perfect for learners who are just starting out or want to build a new skill.
• Certificates: edX offers a variety of Professional Certificates in software engineering. These programs are geared towards professionals who want to enhance their résumés or learn new skills while maintaining their established careers.
• Executive education programs: Executive education programs in software engineering are an appealing option for seasoned professionals who want to grow their software engineering skills. Some have a short time commitment of around 10 weeks.
• Degrees: A bachelor's in software engineering program is a good choice for anyone considering a career in the field. These programs typically take four years of full-time study to complete. A master's in software engineering program might be an attractive option if want to earn an advanced degree.

Jobs that use software engineering

Building up your software engineering knowledge and skill set can help open doors to a variety of careers, including:

Your next steps to learn software engineering online with edX

1. Begin with foundational courses

If you are new to software engineering, consider starting with foundational courses like IBM's Software Engineering Basics for Everyone. Once you know more about the industry and potential career paths, you can define your goals and advance your knowledge strategically.

2. Enroll in a program that fits your career path

Various specialized software engineering courses, professional certificates, and online master's programs on edX cater to different career goals. Look for options that suit your objectives.

Potential paths to explore:

• Aspiring software engineers can consider an online bachelor's degree in software engineering.
• Working professionals looking for a career change may find IBM's Professional Certificate in DevOps and Software Engineering professional certificate to be an ideal starting point.
• Software engineers looking for career advancement without committing to a full master's degree program can consider a MicroMasters® Program on edX.

3. Stay up-to-date on industry insights through continuous education

Stay on top of software engineering advancements by pursuing ongoing education. Explore online software engineering programs and courses as your career progresses.